(乌克兰战争篇) 普京战前讲话全文

当地时间2月24日凌晨,俄罗斯总统普京授权在顿巴斯展开军事行动,乌克兰局势风云突变。在行动前的2月21日,普京发表全国电视讲话,从历史上阐述了乌克兰和俄罗斯的关系,并且指出,苏联解体后,正是乌克兰的激进分子和民族主义者将西方势力引入乌克兰,以对抗所谓的“俄罗斯威胁”。北约集团也背信弃义,不断压缩俄罗斯的生存空间,对俄罗斯国家安全造成了严重威胁。而这正是俄罗斯采取目前行动的原因。

弗拉基米尔·普京:

尊敬的俄罗斯公民们!亲爱的朋友们!

我这次讲话的主题是关于乌克兰发生的事件,以及这个事件为什么对于我们,对于俄罗斯这样重要。当然,我的讲话也同样面向那些身处乌克兰的同胞。

我不得不彻底详细地进行这次讲话,因为问题是非常严重的。

顿巴斯地区的局势再度变得严峻而且尖锐。今天我直接对大家进行讲话,不但是为了评估正在发生的事态,而且也是为了告知大家,我因事态可能进一步恶化而做出的决定。

我再强调一遍,乌克兰对于我们来说不是一个普普通通的邻国。乌克兰是我们自己历史,自身文化,是我们精神空间不可分割的一部分。它不仅是我们同事、朋友中的同志和好朋友,更是有血缘的亲人。

很久之前,历史上生活在西南边土地上的古罗斯人就自称为俄罗斯人和东正教信徒。到了17世纪,这些领土的一部分再次并入了俄罗斯国家。

在我们看来,我们原则上都知道这一点,我们谈论的也是众所周知的事实。同时为了理解今天正在发生的事情,以及俄罗斯对此的动机目的,我们至少要简单谈谈这段历史。

所以我从现代乌克兰完完全全是被俄罗斯创造出来——准确来说,被布尔什维克,被共产主义俄罗斯创造出来的时刻——开始讲起。这一进程是在1917年革命之后立即开始的。而且列宁和他的同志用对俄罗斯来说非常粗鲁的方式——分离开,撕毁掉俄罗斯历史领土的一部分。当然,没有人向居住在那里的数百万人询问过任何事情。

之后在伟大卫国战争前夕以及战争结束后,斯大林已经把一些之前属于波兰、罗马尼亚、匈牙利的领土并入苏联并移交给了乌克兰。同时,作为一种补偿,斯大林将部分原德国领土划归波兰,在1954年赫鲁晓夫因故将克里米亚从俄罗斯手中夺走,也赠送给乌克兰。实际上,这就是苏维埃乌克兰领土的形成方式。

不过,现在我要请大家特别注意到苏联刚刚成立的历史时期。我认为这对我们来说尤为重要,我们不得不再往前延伸一下。

我提醒大家,在1917年十月革命发生后,然后又发生的内战中,布尔什维克开始建立一个全新的国家,但他们中间产生了严重分歧。在1922年,身兼俄共(布)中央委员会总书记和民族事务人民委员部委员的斯大林,提出以自治原则建立国家,即赋予共和国——未来的行政单位,在加入统一国家时广泛的权力。

列宁批评了这个方案并提议向当时自称为“独立人士”的民族主义者让步。正是这些列宁主义的思想,事实上,就是联邦国家的构建以及民族自决乃至分裂的权力,构成了苏维埃国家的根基:最初在1922年这些被写入了苏联成立宣言,列宁去世之后,又被写入苏联1924年的宪法。

这里立刻出现了许多问题。首先,实际上也是最主要的问题:为什么要施舍般地满足民族主义者对前帝国边疆地带毫无限制且日益增长的野心呢?就是说,转移到新成立的,通常是任意成立的行政单位——联盟共和国,而这些往往是与他们毫无关系的巨大领土。我再说一遍,不仅是领土,而是将历史上的俄罗斯人民一起转让出去。

而且,这些行政单位事实上被赋予了成为民族国家的地位和外观。我再问一遍,为什么要送出如此慷慨的礼物,甚至是最狂热的民族主义者做梦也想不到的礼物?并且还赋予了这些共和国无条件退出统一国家的权力。

乍一看,这是很难理解的,甚至可以说疯狂。不过这毕竟只是第一印象。可以这样解释,革命成功后,布尔什维克们的最重要任务就是不昔任何代价保住政权,即便真的是任何的代价。为了这个目的他们做了这些事:在极为屈辱的条件下,而第一次世界大战结束几乎已成定局,与已经处于军事经济严重困境下的德意志帝国及其盟友签订了布列斯特合约,并且他们还满足了国内民族主义者的任何条件。

从后来俄罗斯国家和人民的命运角度来说,列宁主义的国家建构原则不仅仅是个错误,它比错误还要糟糕得多。在苏联解体后的1991年,这一切的后果都暴露无遗。

过去发生的当然无法改变,但是我们至少要坦诚地不带任何保留、不带任何政治色彩地说出这件事。我只能以我自己的名义说,在特定时期的政治形势下的考量,无论在某个时刻它看起来多么成功和有利,绝不能把它当作国家构建的根基。

现在我不会责备任何人,国家的状况在内战时和内战结束后都极其困难,今天我只想说一切都正是这么发生的。这是历史事实。事实上,正如我刚才说的,由于布尔什维克政策才出现的苏维埃乌克兰,即使到了今天我们也可以正确地称之为“弗拉基米尔·伊里奇·列宁乌克兰”。他是乌克兰国家大厦的创作者和工程师。档案文件已经充分证实了这一点,它还告诉我们是列宁的强力命令把顿巴斯硬塞进了乌克兰。而现在,列宁“感恩的后裔”正拆除乌克兰境内的列宁纪念碑,这在他们那被称为“去共产主义化”。

你们想要去共产主义化是吗?正好,我们也求之不得。不过可不能半途而废。我们已经准备好展示给大家,对于乌克兰来说什么才是真正的去共产主义。

回到这个历史问题上,我再重复一遍,1922年的苏联是在前俄罗斯帝国的空间上建立起的。但生存的经验告诉我们,依靠含糊不清的联邦规则,无论是保存下来如此巨大且复杂的领土还是统治这片土地,根本是不可能的。这种构想完全脱离现实以及历史传统。

“红色恐怖”和向斯大林专政快速过渡,共产主义意识形态占据主导,一党专政,国有化,计划经济体系,自然,这一切都变为一纸空谈和不奏效的国家建构方案。实际上,加盟共和国没有任何主权,而在实践中却创造出了一个在各个方面都严格中央集权、绝对单一制的国家。

斯大林事实上施行的不是列宁的、而恰恰是自己的有关国家建构的设想。但是他却没有对基本文件——国家宪法进行相应修改。表面上列宁主义构建国家的原则也没有被修改。的确没有必要这样做,在集权政治的条件下,一切都运转如常。甚至在外表上看光鲜亮丽,充满诱惑,简直是非常民主。

然而,很遗憾,可以说非常遗憾,在我们整个国家建立的基本的、正式的法律基础中,那些可恶的、乌托邦式的、被革命激发出来的,以及对任何一个正常国家来说都绝对具有破坏性的幻想,并没有被及时清除掉。就像我们从前经常做的那样,没有人考虑未来。

共产党的领导人似乎确信他们已经成功地建立了一个坚实的政府体系,他们通过他们的政策最终解决了民族问题。但伪造、替代概念、操纵公众意识和欺骗的代价是高昂的。民族主义野心这种病菌并没有消失,最初埋下的地雷破坏了国家抵抗民族主义的免疫力,它只是伺机而动。我再说一遍,这颗地雷就是脱离苏联的权力。

1980年代中期,在社会经济问题日益突出、计划经济危机明显背景下,民族问题表现出来。究其本质这不是苏联人民的一些期望未能实现,而最主要是各地的地方精英胃口越来越大。

然而,苏共领导层并没有深入分析形势,采取适当措施,主要是在经济方面,对政治体制和国家结构进行渐进的、深思熟虑的转变,而是把自己限制在直截了当的关于恢复列宁主义的民族自决原则。

不仅如此,在共产党内部展开的权力斗争过程中,交战各方为了扩大支持基础,开始不加思索地煽动、鼓动民族主义情绪,玩弄它们,并向潜在的支持者许诺任何事情。在表面谈论民主和建立在市场经济或计划经济基础上的美好未来的背景下,人民却经受着真正的贫困和完全的物资短缺,当权者甚至没有想到这会不可避免的给国家带来悲惨的后果。

之后他们走上了苏联成立初期的道路上,只为了满足在党内滋生出的民族主义精英的野心。他们已经忘记了苏共已不再掌握在手中。上帝啊,斯大林式的国家恐怖独裁政权还在维持权力和统治国家。而党内那些臭名昭着的主角,也像晨雾一样在他们眼前消散。

1989年9月,在苏共中央全会上,通过了一个本质上灾难性的文件——即所谓的在现代条件下的党的政策,苏共的纲领。它包含以下条款,我这里加以引用:“苏联的加盟共和国拥有与其作为主权社会主义国家地位相对应的所有权利。”

还有一点:“加盟共和国的最高代表机关可以抵制和停止联盟政府在其领土上的决定和命令。”最后是:“每个加盟共和国都有自己的公民身份,适用于所有居民。”

这样的提法和决定会导致什么,难道不是很明显吗?

现在不是讨论国家或宪法问题,定义公民身份概念的时候。但是,还有个问题仍然存在:在那些已经很困难的情况下,何必以这种方式进一步撼动这个国家?事实仍然是事实。

在苏联解体前两年,她的命运其实已成定局。现如今激进分子和民族主义者,尤其是乌克兰的激进分子和民族主义者,将获得独立的功劳归于自己。正如我们所看到的,情况并非如此。是布尔什维克领导人、苏共领导层在不同时期在国家构建问题上犯下的历史性、战略性错误,导致了我们统一的国家的解体。历史上的俄罗斯被人以苏联的名义瓦解。

尽管俄罗斯遭受了所有这些不公正、欺骗和公然劫掠,但我们的人民——正是这些人民,承认了苏联解体后出现的新地缘政治现实,承认了新的独立国家。他们不仅承认了这一点,当时自己还身处困境中的俄罗斯,帮助了其在独联体的合作伙伴,包括乌克兰的同仁。也是他们独立的那一刻起,就开始提出大量的物质支持请求,我们的国家在尊重乌克兰主权的情况下提供了这种支持。

根据专家估计,通过简单计算我们的能源价格、优惠贷款数量、俄罗斯向乌克兰提供的经济和贸易优惠,乌克兰的预算在1991年至2013年期间的总收益约为2500亿美元。

但这并不是全部。到1991年底,苏联对外国和国际基金的债务总额约为1000亿美元。最初的设想是,这些贷款将由前苏联所有加盟共和国按照其经济潜力的比例统一归还。然而,俄罗斯独自偿还了苏联的全部债务,到2017年才全部还清。

作为回报,在1994年我们同乌克兰达成一致,新独立的乌克兰放弃其在苏联海外资产中占有的份额。然而,基辅却没有最终核准这项协议,之后干脆直接拒绝执行,并对前苏联在国外的钻石基金、黄金储备、财产和其他资产提出索赔。

然而,尽管存在着公开的问题,俄罗斯一直与乌克兰开诚布公地合作,而且,我再强调一遍,是在尊重乌克兰利益的情况下,我们的关系在各个领域都得到了发展。因此,2011年俄乌双边贸易额超过500亿美元。顺便说一下,在2019年乌克兰与欧盟所有国家的贸易额,即在新冠疫情爆发之前,仍低于该指标。

显然,乌克兰政权在和俄罗斯的关系中,想要只占便宜,却不承担任何义务。

2014年颜色革命后,乌克兰人均GDP急剧下跌

当我们的关系由伙伴变为依赖,基辅当局就变得毫不客气,让我们回想一下它在能源运输问题上永久的讹诈和对天然气的盗窃就足够了。

我补充一点,乌克兰试图利用与俄罗斯的对话作为与西方讨价还价的借口,并通过与俄罗斯的和解来勒索他们,从而实现对自己的获利:他们说,如果不这样俄罗斯对乌克兰的影响力就会扩大。

同时,乌克兰当局最初,我想强调这一点——从一开始,他们就靠着否认一切能将我们团结在一起的东西,来构建自己的国家。他们试图扭曲人民的意识和数百万人的历史记忆,以及整整几代生活在乌克兰的人。乌克兰社会面临着极端民族主义的兴起就不足为奇了,这种民族主义表露出来就是极具有侵略性的“恐俄症”和新纳粹主义。因此,乌克兰民族主义者和新纳粹分子参与了北高加索地区的恐怖团伙,他们对俄罗斯领土的侵占叫嚣越来越响。

一些外部势力也利用非营利组织和情报机构借机在乌克兰发展,并在乌克兰政权里扶植代理人

事实上,乌克兰从未有过作为一个长久稳定国家的传统,理解这一点很重要。并且从1991年开始,乌克兰不顾自身的历史和现实走上了机械复制别国的道路。政治国家结构不断地被改造,以适应迅速形成的利益集团,即使这与乌克兰人民的利益毫无关系。

乌克兰寡头政权所谓的亲近西方文明的选择,其目的根本不是为人民的福祉创造更好的条件,而是低三下四地为俄罗斯的地缘政治对手服务。他们把那些从乌克兰人民手中窃取的数十亿美元,隐藏在了他们的西方银行账户中

一些工业金融集团,被他们用来维护党和政治,这样的政客们一开始就是依靠民族主义者和激进分子。而一些口头上声称希望与俄罗斯保持良好关系,促进文化和语言多样性的人,在真诚支持这种愿望的公民(包括东南部数百万居民的投票)的帮助下上了台。但是,在盘踞高位后,他们立即背叛了选民,放弃了选举承诺,在激进分子的指挥下进行原形毕露的政治活动,有时还迫害他们曾经的盟友——那些支持俄乌双语并且与俄罗斯合作的社会群体。他们利用了支持他们的人通常守法、观点温和、以及习惯于信任当局的事实。他们与激进分子不同的只是,他们不会表现出侵略性或诉诸非法行为。

而激进分子这边则愈加肆意妄为,他们的要求逐年增加。事实证明,他们很容易一次又一次地将自己的意志强加给一个软弱的乌克兰政府,而这个政府本身也感染了民族主义和腐败的病毒。他们还巧妙地用各种以民族为由的投机行为和外国民族学的外衣,来代替人民真正的文化、经济和社会利益以及乌克兰的真正主权。

乌克兰没有被建立为一个稳定的国家,政治选举程序只是一块遮羞布,一块掩盖了权力和财产在各个寡头家族之间重新分配的遮羞布。

毫无疑问,对许多国家包括俄罗斯来说,腐败是一个挑战和问题,不过它在乌克兰已经变成特殊的性质。它实实在在地渗透和腐蚀了乌克兰这个国家和整个体系、所有权力分支。激进分子利用了人民正当的不满,揽过来抗议示威的任务,并利用2014年的亲欧盟示威发动了政变。同时,他们也得到了外国的直接援助。据报道,美国大使馆对基辅独立广场的所谓抗议者的资助每天高达100万美元。额外的巨额资金被肆无忌惮地转入反对派领导人的银行账户,这大约是数千万美元。而在基辅和其他城市的街道和广场冲突中,真正受伤的、死难的人,其家属最终得到了多少?对于这个问题,最好就别开口。

夺取政权的激进分子对那些反对反宪法行动的人进行追杀,这是真正的恐怖。政治家、记者、公众人物被嘲笑和公开羞辱。乌克兰城市被一波屠杀和暴力席卷,堂而皇之犯下一系列谋杀案的人未被惩罚。我不禁不寒而栗地想起在敖德萨发生的可怕悲剧,和平的抗议者被残忍地杀害,他们在工会大楼里被活活烧死。犯下这一暴行的罪犯没有受到惩罚,没有人在寻找他们。但我们知道他们的名字,并将尽一切努力惩罚他们,找到他们并将其绳之以法。

2014年的迈丹抗议没有给乌克兰带来民主进步。民族主义者和支持他们的政治势力在发动完政变后,最终把局面带入到死胡同,也把乌克兰推入内战的深渊。这些事件发生的八年后,这个国家分裂了。现在,乌克兰正在经历一场严重的社会经济危机

据国际组织资料,在2019年,将近600万乌克兰人——我强调,这这不是劳动力人口的15%,而大约是乌克兰全国人口的15%,被迫出国寻找工作。可想而知,通常这些人都是从事的临时性、非技术性的工作。以下的数据最具有代表性:自2020年以来,已有6万多名医生和医务工作者在疫情期间离开了乌克兰。

自2014年以来,乌克兰水费上涨了近三分之一,电费上涨了几倍,家用燃气费上涨了数十倍。许多人根本没有钱来支付公用事业费用,但他们还必须生存下去。

发生了什么?为什么会发生这一切?答案是显而易见的:这是因为他们把不仅从苏联时代收到的嫁妆,而且还把从俄罗斯帝国收到的嫁妆都挥霍和贪污了。数万甚至数十万得益于和俄罗斯合作的工作机会丧失掉了,而这些工作机会给人们带来了稳定的收入,并将给国库带来税收。机械制造、仪器制造、电子、造船和飞机制造等行业要么停滞不前,要么消耗殆尽,而它们曾经不仅是乌克兰,而且是整个苏联的骄傲。

2021年,位于尼古拉耶夫的黑海造船厂被除名,它是叶卡捷琳娜二世时期建造的。着名的安东诺夫公司自2016年以来就没有生产过一架系列飞机,而专门生产火箭和太空技术的尤兹马什机械厂和克列缅楚克钢铁厂都处于破产的边缘。这些令人悲伤的清单还在继续增长。至于整个在苏联时期建造的天然气运输系统,已经是破败不堪,运行风险和环境成本都很大。

那么问题来了:贫穷、绝望、工业和技术潜力的丧失——这就是多年来,坑蒙拐骗了数百万人、许诺给他们天堂的亲西方的文明选择吗?

事实上,这一切都归结为乌克兰经济的崩溃,与之相伴的是对国公民赤裸裸的抢劫,而乌克兰本身不过是被外部力量所控制、所驱使。乌克兰不仅被西方国家的直接命令控制,而且,正如他们所说,直接被部署在乌克兰的外国顾问、非营利组织和其他机构的整个网络来管理着。这些人对所有乌克兰最重要的人事决策、所有部门和各级政府产生直接影响:从中央到地方,对所有主要国有企业和公司,包括乌克兰石油天然气公司、乌克兰国家能源公司、乌克兰铁路公司、乌克兰国防工业集团、乌克兰邮政和乌克兰海港管理局。

在乌克兰,根本没有独立的法院。根据西方国家的要求,基辅当局交给了国际组织代表优先选择最高司法机构成员的权力——即司法委员会和法官资格委员会成员的权力。

此外,美国大使馆直接控制着乌克兰国家预防腐败局、国家反腐败局、反腐败专门检察官办公室和最高反腐败法院。所有这一切都是在看似合理的借口下进行的,美其名曰提高反腐败斗争的有效性。好吧,但是结果怎样呢?腐败比以往任何时候都猖狂。

乌克兰人自己知道所有这些管理方法吗?他们是否明白,他们的国家没有政治和经济保护,而是沦为傀儡政权控制的殖民地?国家私有化导致自称为“爱国政权”的政府失去了民族性,并孜孜以求国家的彻底去主权化。

去俄罗斯化和强制同化仍在继续。乌克兰最高议会不断发布新的歧视性文件,一部关于所谓原住人民的法律已经生效。那些认为自己是俄罗斯人并希望保留自己的身份认同、语言、文化的人被明确告知,他们在乌克兰是外人。

根据把乌克兰语作为国家官方语言的法律,俄语被驱逐出学校——驱逐出公共领域,甚至是普通商店。这些所有关于所谓“肃清”权力的法律,使处理持不同意见的公务员成为可能。

越来越多的行为使乌克兰的执法机构有理由去严厉镇压言论自由、异议和迫害反对派。全世界人都知道,单方面对其他国家、外国个人和法人实施非法制裁是很可悲的做法。在乌克兰,他们甚至超过了他们西方的主子,发明了一种工具,用来制裁本国公民、企业、电视频道、其他媒体甚至议会代表。

在基辅,他们继续准备报复莫斯科教区的乌克兰东正教教堂。这可不是顺口而出,而是有具体的决定和文件提到了这一点。乌克兰当局无耻地将教会分裂的悲剧转变为国家政策的工具。乌克兰公民请求废除侵犯信徒权利的法律,但该国现任领导人没有回应这一请求。不仅如此,在拉达备案了用来对付莫斯科教区乌克兰东正教教堂神职人员和数百万教区成员的新法案。

我还要单独谈谈克里米亚。克里米亚半岛上的居民做出了他们的自由选择——与俄罗斯成为一体。基辅政权无法反对人们这种清晰明确的意志,因此他们依靠侵犯性的行动,发动了包括激进伊斯兰组织在内的极端分子组织,依靠破坏组织的渗透,对关键基础设施进行恐怖袭击,绑架俄罗斯公民。我们有直接证据证明这种侵略行动是在外国情报机构支持下进行的。

2021年3月,乌克兰通过了一项新的军事战略。这份文件几乎完全是关于与俄罗斯的对抗,旨在将外国卷入与我国的冲突中。该战略提议,在俄罗斯的克里米亚和顿巴斯境内成立一个组织,实际上,这会是一个地下恐怖组织。它还阐明了未来战争的轮廓,它应该这样结束,正如今天基辅的战略家所认为的那样:“在国际社会的协助下,以对乌克兰有利的条件下结束”。还有,他们今天在基辅所说,我也在这里引用:“在与俄罗斯联邦的地缘政治对抗中,在国际社会的军事支持下。”事实上,这无非是为对我国——对俄罗斯的战争做准备。

我们也知道,已经有言论称乌克兰将制造自己的核武器,这不是空谈。乌克兰确实仍拥有苏联的核技术和运载此类武器的载具,包括飞机,以及同样由苏联设计的圆点-U战术导弹,其射程超过100公里。但他们会制造得更多,这只是时间问题。他们有苏联时期的技术库存。

因此,乌克兰获得战术核武器将比其他一些国家容易得多,我就不说名字了,这些国家实际上进行了这种开发,特别是在外国技术支持的情况下。我们也不应排除这种情况。

随着乌克兰拥有大规模杀伤性武器,世界局势、欧洲局势,尤其是对我们——对俄罗斯而言,情况将发生剧变。我们不能不对这种真正的危险做出反应,特别是,我再次强调,西方的赞助者可能促进这种武器在乌克兰出现,从而对我们的国家再造成威胁。

我们可以看到,基辅政权的军事配给是如何持续进行的。自2014年以来,仅美国就拨款数十亿美元,包括供应武器、设备和培训专家。近几个月来,西方武器正源源不断、堂而皇之地在全世界人面前被运送往乌克兰。乌克兰武装部队和情报机构正在由外国顾问领导,我们对此一清二楚。

近年来,北约国家以演习为借口,让它们的军事特遣队几乎不断地出现在乌克兰境内。乌克兰军队的指挥和控制系统已经与北约的系统融合一起。这意味着北约总部可以对乌克兰武装部队每个小队甚至单位行使指挥权。

美国和北约已经无耻地把乌克兰领土开发为潜在军事行动的战场。定期联合演习有明显的反俄属性。仅去年一年,就有超过23000名军人和1000多台武器装备参加了这些演习。

2022年,一项关于允许其他国家武装部队进入乌克兰领土参加多国演习的法律被通过。不难理解,这里的外军主要就是北约军队。他们至少已经计划好在明年进行十几次这样的联合军演。

显然,此类行动为北约军事集团在乌克兰领土上的迅速集结提供了掩护。此外,在美国人的帮助下,他们使机场网络变得现代化——鲍里斯波尔、伊万诺-弗兰科夫斯克、楚胡伊夫、敖德萨等等——都能够确保在最短的时间内部署军事。乌克兰领空对美国战略侦察机和用于监视俄罗斯领土的无人驾驶飞行器开放。

补充一点,美国人在奥恰科夫建造的海上作战中心,使北约舰船的活动获得支援。这种行动包括他们对俄罗斯黑海舰队和我们在整个黑海海岸的基础设施使用精确武器进行打击。

美国曾打算在克里米亚建立类似的设施,但克里米亚人和塞瓦斯托波尔的居民挫败了这些计划。我们将永远铭记这一点。

我再说一遍,今天这样的作战中心,已经被部署在奥恰科夫了。让我提醒你,在十八世纪,亚历山大-苏沃洛夫的士兵曾经为这个城市而战。由于他们的勇气,这里成为了俄罗斯的一部分。同时,在十八世纪,由于与奥斯曼帝国的战争而被并入俄罗斯的黑海沿岸土地,被称为新俄罗斯。如今,这些历史上的里程碑正在被遗忘,还有俄罗斯帝国军事家的名字,如果没有他们的功劳,现代的乌克兰就不会有这么多大城市,甚至不会拥有通往黑海的出海口。近来,亚历山大·苏沃洛夫的纪念碑在波尔塔瓦被拉倒,你能辩解什么呢?你否认自己的过去?否认来自俄罗斯帝国的所谓“殖民遗产”?好吧,那么就这么保持下去吧。

然后我要指出,乌克兰宪法第17条不允许在其领土上部署外国军事基地。但事实证明,这只是一个可以轻易规避的条例,北约国家已经在乌克兰部署了军事训练团队。这事实上,已经是外国的军事基地,只要把这些基地称为“任务”就可以了。

基辅当局长期以来一直宣称其战略就是加入北约。是的,当然,每个国家都有权选择自己的安全体系和决定与谁缔结军事联盟。看起来确实是这样,不过这里有一个“但是”。国际文件明确规定了安全问题的平等和不可分割原则,众所周知,这个原则包括国家有义务不以牺牲其他国家的安全为代价来加强自身安全。我可以在此参照1999年在伊斯坦布尔通过的欧安组织欧洲安全宪章和2010年的欧安组织阿斯塔纳宣言。

换句话说,对自身安全的选择不能对其他国家构成威胁,而乌克兰加入北约——正是对俄罗斯安全的直接威胁。

我提醒一下,早在2008年4月,在北约的布加勒斯特峰会上,美国做出决定推动了乌克兰和格鲁吉亚成为北约成员。美国的许多欧洲盟友已经很清楚这种前景的所有风险,但他们不得不屈从他们老大哥的意志。美国人只是利用它们来推行明显的反俄政策。

北约一些成员国甚至现在都对乌克兰加入北约问题持非常怀疑的态度。同时,我们从一些欧洲国家得到一些信号,他问我们:“你在担心什么?乌克兰又不是明天就加入北约”。事实上,我们的美国伙伴也在谈论这个问题。“好”,我们说,“明天不加入,那么后天呢。从历史角度看,这有什么区别?本质上讲,没有任何区别。”

此外,我们知道美国领导人的立场和表态,即不会因为乌克兰东部的激烈敌对行动而排除该国加入北约的可能性,只要乌克兰能满足加入北约的标准并战胜腐败。

我们一次次地被劝说相信北约是一个热爱和平的、纯防御性联盟。他们说,这对俄罗斯不构成任何威胁。他们再次试图让我们相信他们。但我们知道这种话的真正代价。1990年,在讨论德国统一问题时,美国向苏联领导人承诺,北约的管辖权或军事存在不会向东延伸一寸。而且,德国的统一不会导致作为军事组织的北约向东延伸。

他们给了口头上的保证,结果一切都落空了。后来我们被要求相信,中东欧国家加入北约会改善他们与莫斯科的关系,解除这些国家对沉重历史遗产的恐惧,甚至可以建立一个对俄友好的国家带。一切结果都恰恰相反,一些东欧国家,用恐俄症做交易,并把对俄罗斯威胁的刻板印象带入了北约,坚持要针对俄罗斯建立集体防御能力。而这发生在20世纪90年代和21世纪初,当时由于我们的开放和善意,俄罗斯和西方的关系处于很高水平。

俄罗斯履行了包括从德国东欧国家撤军和解决冷战后遗症在内的所有义务。我们不断提出合作的各种方案,包括建立北约-俄罗斯理事会和欧安组织-俄罗斯理事会。

此外,我现在要说一些之前从未公开说过的话,这是我头一次说。当时即将离任的美国总统比尔·克林顿在2000年访问莫斯科时,我问他:“美国对接纳俄罗斯加入北约有何看法?”

我不会透露那次谈话的所有细节,但从表现出来的内容看,他对我问题的反应应该说是持保留态度的,而美国人对这种可能性的实际反应方式,可以从他们对我国的实际操作步骤中看出。这包括公开支持北高加索地区的恐怖分子,不重视我们在北约扩大问题上的要求和安全关切,退出《反导条约》,等等。可能你想问:为什么,俄罗斯为什么要这么做,这一切是为了什么?好吧,你不想把我们看作你的朋友和盟友,但为什么要与我们为敌呢?

答案只有一个:问题不在于我们的政治体制或其他原因,他们只是不想要俄罗斯这样一个独立的大国。这就是所有问题的答案。这就是美国对俄传统政策的根源,从这里衍生出了对我们所有的安全建议的态度。

今天,只要看一眼地图,就足以看出西方国家是如何“履行”其不将北约东扩的承诺。我们明明白白地被欺骗了。我们一次又一次经历了五次北约扩张的浪潮:1999年,波兰、捷克共和国和匈牙利加入北约;2004年,保加利亚、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、罗马尼亚、斯洛伐克和斯洛文尼亚;2009年,阿尔巴尼亚和克罗地亚;2017年,黑山;2020年,北马其顿。

其结果就是,北约的军事设施直接被部署在了俄罗斯边界,这也是欧洲安全危机的原因之一。它对整个国际关系产生了最负面的影响,让我们丧失互信。

局势在继续恶化,包括在战略领域。例如,在为美国全球导弹防御项目的框架下,在罗马尼亚和波兰部署了反导系统。众所周知,放置在那里的发射器可用于发射战斧式巡航导弹,这是进攻性打击系统。

此外,美国正在开发一种通用导弹“标准-6”。它除了可以解决防空和导弹防御的问题,还可以被用来打击地面和水面目标。实际上就是,所谓的防御性美国反导系统,它的新的进攻能力性正在显现。

我们所掌握的信息使我们有充分理由相信,乌克兰加入北约后,在这里部署北约军事设施已成定局,这不过是时间问题。我们清楚地认识到,在这样的情况下,对俄罗斯的军事威胁程度将成倍地急剧增加。而且请特别注意,对我国进行突然袭击的风险将倍增。

让我解释一下,美国的战略规划中(文件上)明确了可能对敌方导弹系统进行所谓先发制人打击。而且我们也知道美国和北约的主要对手是谁,那就是俄罗斯。在北约文件中,我国被直接宣布为对欧洲-大西洋安全的主要威胁,而乌克兰将成为这种打击的桥头堡。如果我们的祖先听说了这件事,他们可能不会相信。今天我们同样不愿意相信,但这就是事实。我希望俄罗斯和乌克兰都能明白这件事。

乌克兰的许多机场就靠近我们的边界,部署在这里的北约战术空中力量,包括高精度武器载体,将能够打击我国领土,远至伏尔加格勒-喀山-萨马拉-阿斯特拉罕。在乌克兰领土上部署雷达侦察设施,将使北约能够完全控制远至乌拉尔的俄罗斯空域。

最后,美国打破《中短程导弹条约》之后,五角大楼已经在公开开发一系列地基打击武器,包括能够到达5500公里以外目标的弹道导弹。如果在乌克兰部署这种系统,它们将能够打击俄罗斯整个欧洲部分的领土甚至山脉以外的目标。

战斧式巡航导弹到达莫斯科不到35分钟,从哈尔科夫地区发射弹道导弹需要7-8分钟,超音速打击需要4-5分钟。这就叫,直接把刀架在了喉咙上。而且我毫不怀疑,他们期望实施这些计划,就像他们在前几年反复做的那样,北约东扩,把军事设施和装备推到俄罗斯边境,完全无视我们的关切、抗议和警告。对不起,他们就是不屑一顾,他们还在为所欲为,做他们认为一切有必要的事。

当然,他们也期望继续按照那句俄罗斯名言行事:“狗儿尽管叫,篷车继续开。”我想说,我们没有同意这样做,也永远不会同意。同时,俄罗斯一直并会仍然赞成通过政治和外交手段,在谈判桌上解决最复杂的问题。

我们清楚地明白我们对区域和全球稳定肩负巨大责任。早在2008年,俄罗斯就提出了缔结欧洲安全条约的倡议。其本质是,在欧洲大西洋区域任何国家或国际组织都不能以牺牲他国安全为代价来加强自己的安全。然而,我们的建议从一开始就被拒绝了:我们被告知俄罗斯不得限制北约的活动。

此外,我们被明确告知,只有北约成员才能拥有具有法律上的安全保证。去年12月,我们向我们的西方伙伴转交了俄罗斯联邦和美利坚合众国之间关于安全保障的条约草案,和关于确保俄罗斯联邦和北约成员国安全措施的协议草案。

美国和北约的回应如出一辙。有一些理性的争论,但都是关于次要问题的,看起来像是在试图转移话题。

我们做出了相应的回应,强调我们准备继续谈判,但条件是所有的问题都要作为一个整体来考虑,一揽子方案,不得把俄方最基本的建议抛开。而这些包含三个关键点:首先是北约不能进一步扩大。第二是北约不得在俄罗斯边境附近部署进攻型武器系统。最后,欧洲的军事能力和基础设施恢复到1997年俄罗斯-北约签署基本法案时的状态。

但我们的这些原则性建议被有意忽略了。我再次强调,我们的西方伙伴再次表达:每个国家都有权自由选择其维护安全的方式,并有权加入任何军事联盟或同盟。换句话说,他们的立场没有任何改变,他们甚至同样提到了北约臭名昭着的“门户开放”政策。此外,他们还试图再次敲诈我们,又一次以制裁相威胁。顺便说一下,即使俄罗斯主权和我们武装部队力量日益巩固,他们仍将实施制裁。而且,无论乌克兰局势如何,总是会找到或简单地编造出另一次制裁攻击的借口。而其目的是一样的——遏制俄罗斯的发展。而且他们会像以前一样,即使没有任何表面的借口,也会这样做,只是因为我们现在和将来将捍卫我们的主权、国家利益和价值观。

我想直白了当地说清楚:在现在的情况下,当我们就原则问题进行平等对话而实际上没有得到美国和北约的回应时,当我国面临的威胁明显上升时,俄罗斯完全有权采取回应措施以确保自己的安全。这就是我们现在即将做的。

至于顿巴斯(Donbas)的局势,我们可以看到,基辅的执政者不断公开宣称不愿意执行解决冲突的明斯克一揽子措施,对和平解决方案不感兴趣。相反,他们再次试图在顿巴斯组织一场闪电战,正如他们在2014年和2015年已经做过的那样。我们记得当年这些军事冒险是如何结束的。

现在,几乎每天顿巴斯的城镇和村庄都在遭受炮击。一大群部队不断使用攻击型无人机、重型装备、火箭、大炮和多管火箭系统,杀害了平民,封锁、虐待人民,包括儿童、妇女和老人,这些犯罪有增无减。正如我们在这里所说的,这些罪行不知何时才到头。

所谓的文明世界(我们的西方同事自认为文明世界是唯一代表)宁愿不注意到这一点,好像所有这些恐怖——近400万人面临的种族灭绝并不存在。这只是因为这些人反对2014年西方支持的乌克兰政变,反对走向侵略性的民族主义和新纳粹主义。他们在为自己的基本权利而斗争——生活在自己的土地上,说自己的语言,保护自己的文化和传统。

这种悲剧还要持续多久?我们还能容忍多久呢?俄罗斯为维护乌克兰的领土完整做了一切该做的,多年来坚持不懈地为执行联合国安理会2015年2月17日第2202号决议而斗争,该决议确立了从2015年2月12日解决顿巴斯局势问题的明斯克一揽子方案。

但这一切都是徒劳的。乌克兰的总统和议员虽然在变,但靠着基辅政变夺取政权的政府侵略性和民族主义本质没有改变。这完全是2014年政变的产物,那些走上暴力、流血和无法无天道路的人没有也不会承认除了军事手段之外,还有其他解决顿巴斯问题的办法。

有鉴于此,我认为有必要做出一个早就应该做出的决定——毫不拖延地承认顿涅茨克人民共和国和卢甘斯克人民共和国的独立和主权。

我请求俄罗斯联邦议会支持这一决定,然后批准与这两个共和国的友好互助条约。这两份文件会在不久就被准备好和签署。

而对于那些在基辅夺取政权和并继续掌权的人,我们要求你们立即停止战斗行为。否则,所有可能继续发生流血事件的责任,将完全由控制乌克兰领土的统治者的良心来承担。

我相信所有俄罗斯公民和全国上下所有的爱国力量都将支持我现在做出的决定。

谢谢大家!


 

ADDRESS BY VLADIMIR PUTIN, PRESIDENT OF RUSSIA ON THE RUSSIAN INITIATIVE IN THE UKRAINE MILITARY CRISIS

TRANSLATED TRANSCRIPT

24 FRBRUARY 2022

 

Citizens of Russia, friends,

I consider it necessary today to speak again about the tragic events in Donbass and the key aspects of ensuring the security of Russia.

I will begin with what I said in my address on February 21, 2022. I spoke about our biggest concerns and worries, and about the fundamental threats which irresponsible Western politicians created for Russia consistently, rudely and unceremoniously from year to year. I am referring to the eastward expansion of NATO, which is moving its military infrastructure ever closer to the Russian border.

It is a fact that over the past 30 years we have been patiently trying to come to an agreement with the leading NATO countries regarding the principles of equal and indivisible security in Europe. In response to our proposals, we invariably faced either cynical deception and lies or attempts at pressure and blackmail, while the North Atlantic alliance continued to expand despite our protests and concerns. Its military machine is moving and, as I said, is approaching our very border.

Why is this happening? Where did this insolent manner of talking down from the height of their exceptionalism, infallibility and all-permissiveness come from? What is the explanation for this contemptuous and disdainful attitude to our interests and absolutely legitimate demands?

The answer is simple. Everything is clear and obvious. In the late 1980s, the Soviet Union grew weaker and subsequently broke apart. That experience should serve as a good lesson for us, because it has shown us that the paralysis of power and will is the first step towards complete degradation and oblivion. We lost confidence for only one moment, but it was enough to disrupt the balance of forces in the world.

As a result, the old treaties and agreements are no longer effective. Entreaties and requests do not help. Anything that does not suit the dominant state, the powers that be, is denounced as archaic, obsolete and useless. At the same time, everything it regards as useful is presented as the ultimate truth and forced on others regardless of the cost, abusively and by any means available. Those who refuse to comply are subjected to strong-arm tactics.

What I am saying now does not concerns only Russia, and Russia is not the only country that is worried about this. This has to do with the entire system of international relations, and sometimes even US allies. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to a redivision of the world, and the norms of international law that developed by that time – and the most important of them, the fundamental norms that were adopted following WWII and largely formalised its outcome – came in the way of those who declared themselves the winners of the Cold War.

Of course, practice, international relations and the rules regulating them had to take into account the changes that took place in the world and in the balance of forces. However, this should have been done professionally, smoothly, patiently, and with due regard and respect for the interests of all states and one’s own responsibility. Instead, we saw a state of euphoria created by the feeling of absolute superiority, a kind of modern absolutism, coupled with the low cultural standards and arrogance of those who formulated and pushed through decisions that suited only themselves. The situation took a different turn.

There are many examples of this. First a bloody military operation was waged against Belgrade, without the UN Security Council’s sanction but with combat aircraft and missiles used in the heart of Europe. The bombing of peaceful cities and vital infrastructure went on for several weeks. I have to recall these facts, because some Western colleagues prefer to forget them, and when we mentioned the event, they prefer to avoid speaking about international law, instead emphasising the circumstances which they interpret as they think necessary.

Then came the turn of Iraq, Libya and Syria. The illegal use of military power against Libya and the distortion of all the UN Security Council decisions on Libya ruined the state, created a huge seat of international terrorism, and pushed the country towards a humanitarian catastrophe, into the vortex of a civil war, which has continued there for years. The tragedy, which was created for hundreds of thousands and even millions of people not only in Libya but in the whole region, has led to a large-scale exodus from the Middle East and North Africa to Europe.

A similar fate was also prepared for Syria. The combat operations conducted by the Western coalition in that country without the Syrian government’s approval or UN Security Council’s sanction can only be defined as aggression and intervention.

But the example that stands apart from the above events is, of course, the invasion of Iraq without any legal grounds. They used the pretext of allegedly reliable information available in the United States about the presence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. To prove that allegation, the US Secretary of State held up a vial with white power, publicly, for the whole world to see, assuring the international community that it was a chemical warfare agent created in Iraq. It later turned out that all of that was a fake and a sham, and that Iraq did not have any chemical weapons. Incredible and shocking but true. We witnessed lies made at the highest state level and voiced from the high UN rostrum. As a result we see a tremendous loss in human life, damage, destruction, and a colossal upsurge of terrorism.

Overall, it appears that nearly everywhere, in many regions of the world where the United States brought its law and order, this created bloody, non-healing wounds and the curse of international terrorism and extremism. I have only mentioned the most glaring but far from only examples of disregard for international law.

This array includes promises not to expand NATO eastwards even by an inch. To reiterate: they have deceived us, or, to put it simply, they have played us. Sure, one often hears that politics is a dirty business. It could be, but it shouldn’t be as dirty as it is now, not to such an extent. This type of con-artist behaviour is contrary not only to the principles of international relations but also and above all to the generally accepted norms of morality and ethics. Where is justice and truth here? Just lies and hypocrisy all around.

Incidentally, US politicians, political scientists and journalists write and say that a veritable “empire of lies” has been created inside the United States in recent years. It is hard to disagree with this – it is really so. But one should not be modest about it: the United States is still a great country and a system-forming power. All its satellites not only humbly and obediently say yes to and parrot it at the slightest pretext but also imitate its behaviour and enthusiastically accept the rules it is offering them. Therefore, one can say with good reason and confidence that the whole so-called Western bloc formed by the United States in its own image and likeness is, in its entirety, the very same “empire of lies.”

As for our country, after the disintegration of the USSR, given the entire unprecedented openness of the new, modern Russia, its readiness to work honestly with the United States and other Western partners, and its practically unilateral disarmament, they immediately tried to put the final squeeze on us, finish us off, and utterly destroy us. This is how it was in the 1990s and the early 2000s, when the so-called collective West was actively supporting separatism and gangs of mercenaries in southern Russia. What victims, what losses we had to sustain and what trials we had to go through at that time before we broke the back of international terrorism in the Caucasus! We remember this and will never forget.

Properly speaking, the attempts to use us in their own interests never ceased until quite recently: they sought to destroy our traditional values and force on us their false values that would erode us, our people from within, the attitudes they have been aggressively imposing on their countries, attitudes that are directly leading to degradation and degeneration, because they are contrary to human nature. This is not going to happen. No one has ever succeeded in doing this, nor will they succeed now.

Despite all that, in December 2021, we made yet another attempt to reach agreement with the United States and its allies on the principles of European security and NATO’s non-expansion. Our efforts were in vain. The United States has not changed its position. It does not believe it necessary to agree with Russia on a matter that is critical for us. The United States is pursuing its own objectives, while neglecting our interests.

Of course, this situation begs a question: what next, what are we to expect? If history is any guide, we know that in 1940 and early 1941 the Soviet Union went to great lengths to prevent war or at least delay its outbreak. To this end, the USSR sought not to provoke the potential aggressor until the very end by refraining or postponing the most urgent and obvious preparations it had to make to defend itself from an imminent attack. When it finally acted, it was too late.

As a result, the country was not prepared to counter the invasion by Nazi Germany, which attacked our Motherland on June 22, 1941, without declaring war. The country stopped the enemy and went on to defeat it, but this came at a tremendous cost. The attempt to appease the aggressor ahead of the Great Patriotic War proved to be a mistake which came at a high cost for our people. In the first months after the hostilities broke out, we lost vast territories of strategic importance, as well as millions of lives. We will not make this mistake the second time. We have no right to do so.

Those who aspire to global dominance have publicly designated Russia as their enemy. They did so with impunity. Make no mistake, they had no reason to act this way. It is true that they have considerable financial, scientific, technological, and military capabilities. We are aware of this and have an objective view of the economic threats we have been hearing, just as our ability to counter this brash and never-ending blackmail. Let me reiterate that we have no illusions in this regard and are extremely realistic in our assessments.

As for military affairs, even after the dissolution of the USSR and losing a considerable part of its capabilities, today’s Russia remains one of the most powerful nuclear states. Moreover, it has a certain advantage in several cutting-edge weapons. In this context, there should be no doubt for anyone that any potential aggressor will face defeat and ominous consequences should it directly attack our country.

At the same time, technology, including in the defence sector, is changing rapidly. One day there is one leader, and tomorrow another, but a military presence in territories bordering on Russia, if we permit it to go ahead, will stay for decades to come or maybe forever, creating an ever mounting and totally unacceptable threat for Russia.

Even now, with NATO’s eastward expansion the situation for Russia has been becoming worse and more dangerous by the year. Moreover, these past days NATO leadership has been blunt in its statements that they need to accelerate and step up efforts to bring the alliance’s infrastructure closer to Russia’s borders. In other words, they have been toughening their position. We cannot stay idle and passively observe these developments. This would be an absolutely irresponsible thing to do for us.

Any further expansion of the North Atlantic alliance’s infrastructure or the ongoing efforts to gain a military foothold of the Ukrainian territory are unacceptable for us. Of course, the question is not about NATO itself. It merely serves as a tool of US foreign policy. The problem is that in territories adjacent to Russia, which I have to note is our historical land, a hostile “anti-Russia” is taking shape. Fully controlled from the outside, it is doing everything to attract NATO armed forces and obtain cutting-edge weapons.

For the United States and its allies, it is a policy of containing Russia, with obvious geopolitical dividends. For our country, it is a matter of life and death, a matter of our historical future as a nation. This is not an exaggeration; this is a fact. It is not only a very real threat to our interests but to the very existence of our state and to its sovereignty. It is the red line which we have spoken about on numerous occasions. They have crossed it.

This brings me to the situation in Donbass. We can see that the forces that staged the coup in Ukraine in 2014 have seized power, are keeping it with the help of ornamental election procedures and have abandoned the path of a peaceful conflict settlement. For eight years, for eight endless years we have been doing everything possible to settle the situation by peaceful political means. Everything was in vain.

As I said in my previous address, you cannot look without compassion at what is happening there. It became impossible to tolerate it. We had to stop that atrocity, that genocide of the millions of people who live there and who pinned their hopes on Russia, on all of us. It is their aspirations, the feelings and pain of these people that were the main motivating force behind our decision to recognise the independence of the Donbass people’s republics.

I would like to additionally emphasise the following. Focused on their own goals, the leading NATO countries are supporting the far-right nationalists and neo-Nazis in Ukraine, those who will never forgive the people of Crimea and Sevastopol for freely making a choice to reunite with Russia.

They will undoubtedly try to bring war to Crimea just as they have done in Donbass, to kill innocent people just as members of the punitive units of Ukrainian nationalists and Hitler’s accomplices did during the Great Patriotic War. They have also openly laid claim to several other Russian regions.

If we look at the sequence of events and the incoming reports, the showdown between Russia and these forces cannot be avoided. It is only a matter of time. They are getting ready and waiting for the right moment. Moreover, they went as far as aspire to acquire nuclear weapons. We will not let this happen.

I have already said that Russia accepted the new geopolitical reality after the dissolution of the USSR. We have been treating all new post-Soviet states with respect and will continue to act this way. We respect and will respect their sovereignty, as proven by the assistance we provided to Kazakhstan when it faced tragic events and a challenge in terms of its statehood and integrity. However, Russia cannot feel safe, develop, and exist while facing a permanent threat from the territory of today’s Ukraine.

Let me remind you that in 2000–2005 we used our military to push back against terrorists in the Caucasus and stood up for the integrity of our state. We preserved Russia. In 2014, we supported the people of Crimea and Sevastopol. In 2015, we used our Armed Forces to create a reliable shield that prevented terrorists from Syria from penetrating Russia. This was a matter of defending ourselves. We had no other choice.

The same is happening today. They did not leave us any other option for defending Russia and our people, other than the one we are forced to use today. In these circumstances, we have to take bold and immediate action. The people’s republics of Donbass have asked Russia for help.

In this context, in accordance with Article 51 (Chapter VII) of the UN Charter, with permission of Russia’s Federation Council, and in execution of the treaties of friendship and mutual assistance with the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Lugansk People’s Republic, ratified by the Federal Assembly on February 22, I made a decision to carry out a special military operation.

The purpose of this operation is to protect people who, for eight years now, have been facing humiliation and genocide perpetrated by the Kiev regime. To this end, we will seek to demilitarise and denazify Ukraine, as well as bring to trial those who perpetrated numerous bloody crimes against civilians, including against citizens of the Russian Federation.

It is not our plan to occupy the Ukrainian territory. We do not intend to impose anything on anyone by force. At the same time, we have been hearing an increasing number of statements coming from the West that there is no need any more to abide by the documents setting forth the outcomes of World War II, as signed by the totalitarian Soviet regime. How can we respond to that?

The outcomes of World War II and the sacrifices our people had to make to defeat Nazism are sacred. This does not contradict the high values of human rights and freedoms in the reality that emerged over the post-war decades. This does not mean that nations cannot enjoy the right to self-determination, which is enshrined in Article 1 of the UN Charter.

Let me remind you that the people living in territories which are part of today’s Ukraine were not asked how they want to build their lives when the USSR was created or after World War II. Freedom guides our policy, the freedom to choose independently our future and the future of our children. We believe that all the peoples living in today’s Ukraine, anyone who want to do this, must be able to enjoy this right to make a free choice.

In this context I would like to address the citizens of Ukraine. In 2014, Russia was obliged to protect the people of Crimea and Sevastopol from those who you yourself call “nats.” The people of Crimea and Sevastopol made their choice in favour of being with their historical homeland, Russia, and we supported their choice. As I said, we could not act otherwise.

The current events have nothing to do with a desire to infringe on the interests of Ukraine and the Ukrainian people. They are connected with the defending Russia from those who have taken Ukraine hostage and are trying to use it against our country and our people.

I reiterate: we are acting to defend ourselves from the threats created for us and from a worse peril than what is happening now. I am asking you, however hard this may be, to understand this and to work together with us so as to turn this tragic page as soon as possible and to move forward together, without allowing anyone to interfere in our affairs and our relations but developing them independently, so as to create favourable conditions for overcoming all these problems and to strengthen us from within as a single whole, despite the existence of state borders. I believe in this, in our common future.

I would also like to address the military personnel of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.

Comrade officers,

Your fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers did not fight the Nazi occupiers and did not defend our common Motherland to allow today’s neo-Nazis to seize power in Ukraine. You swore the oath of allegiance to the Ukrainian people and not to the junta, the people’s adversary which is plundering Ukraine and humiliating the Ukrainian people.

I urge you to refuse to carry out their criminal orders. I urge you to immediately lay down arms and go home. I will explain what this means: the military personnel of the Ukrainian army who do this will be able to freely leave the zone of hostilities and return to their families.

I want to emphasise again that all responsibility for the possible bloodshed will lie fully and wholly with the ruling Ukrainian regime.

I would now like to say something very important for those who may be tempted to interfere in these developments from the outside. No matter who tries to stand in our way or all the more so create threats for our country and our people, they must know that Russia will respond immediately, and the consequences will be such as you have never seen in your entire history. No matter how the events unfold, we are ready. All the necessary decisions in this regard have been taken. I hope that my words will be heard.

Citizens of Russia,

The culture and values, experience and traditions of our ancestors invariably provided a powerful underpinning for the wellbeing and the very existence of entire states and nations, their success and viability. Of course, this directly depends on the ability to quickly adapt to constant change, maintain social cohesion, and readiness to consolidate and summon all the available forces in order to move forward.

We always need to be strong, but this strength can take on different forms. The “empire of lies,” which I mentioned in the beginning of my speech, proceeds in its policy primarily from rough, direct force. This is when our saying on being “all brawn and no brains” applies.

We all know that having justice and truth on our side is what makes us truly strong. If this is the case, it would be hard to disagree with the fact that it is our strength and our readiness to fight that are the bedrock of independence and sovereignty and provide the necessary foundation for building a reliable future for your home, your family, and your Motherland.

Dear compatriots,

I am certain that devoted soldiers and officers of Russia’s Armed Forces will perform their duty with professionalism and courage. I have no doubt that the government institutions at all levels and specialists will work effectively to guarantee the stability of our economy, financial system and social wellbeing, and the same applies to corporate executives and the entire business community. I hope that all parliamentary parties and civil society take a consolidated, patriotic position.

At the end of the day, the future of Russia is in the hands of its multi-ethnic people, as has always been the case in our history. This means that the decisions that I made will be executed, that we will achieve the goals we have set, and reliably guarantee the security of our Motherland.

I believe in your support and the invincible force rooted in the love for our Fatherland.

– PRESIDENT OF RUSSIA

发表回复

您的邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注

此站点使用Akismet来减少垃圾评论。了解我们如何处理您的评论数据

error: Content is protected !!